Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire

Despite its monopoly on political power, Sunni Islam was not the only religion practiced in the Ottoman Empire Islamic mysticism, known as

The Ottoman state based its authority on religion The first warrior-sultans expanded the empire in the name of Islam Sultans claimed the title of caliph, or

ottoman Selcuk Aksin Somel Bakhit, Muhammad Adnan The Ottoman Province of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1982 Bayerle, Gustav

ottoman empire Ottoman troops up to Shipka , and began assaulting the small Russian force holding the hill of St Nicholas The American observer , Lt F V Greene , had